Lethal thermal maxima of native and non-native fishes in the San Pedro River, Arizona

Authors: Widmer, Ann M., Carveth, Corissa J., Bonar, Scott A.

Year: 2003 (xxxv)

Abstract

As the human population of the southwestern United States continues to grow, greater pressure is put on local stream systems. Wate r withdrawals and riparian vegeta tion destruction are suspected to cause increasing water temperatures in southwestern rivers. These changes in water temperature may have contributed to the decline of native fish species , as fish are more likely to be exposed to their upper thermal limit. Temperature affects all biochemical, physiological, and life history activities of fishes. The San Pedro River in Arizona was once home to 13 native fishes, but only two remain today. We examined the lethal thermal maxima of the San Pedro River fish assemblage to evaluate the relationship among higher water temperatures and the survival of native fishes, and to test whether nonnative fishes have an advantage over native desert fi shes at high water temperatures. The species tested included native and non-native fishes currently found within the San Pedro River. In addition, we tested two fish species that were historically found in the river and are currently listed as threatened under the U.S. Endangered Species Act: Tiaroga* cobitis and Meda fulgida . These two species have critical habitat designated on the San Pedro River. We also report preliminary results from chronic lethal temperature experiments performed on both species. The two methods differ in temperature-change rates and test-endpoints and therefore measure different aspects of the effect s of thermal stress. The effects of elevated water temperatures on southwestern fish communities have implications for groundwater pumping and riparian management activities. [*Placed in Rhinichthys by some workers— Ed.]

Resumen

Temperaturas máximas letales de los peces nativos y no-nativos en el Río San Pedro, Arizona La presión sobre los sistemas de arroyos locales se incrementa conforme la población humana del suroeste de los Estados Unidos continúa crecien do. Se sospecha que la remoción de agua y la destrucción de vegetación riparia causan el incremento en la temperatura del agua en los ríos del suroeste. Estos cambios en la temperatura del agua podrían haber contribuido al declive de las especies de peces nativos, puesto que los peces son más propensos a llegar más rápido a su límite térmico superior. La temperatura afecta todos los procesos bioquímicos y fisiológicos del ciclo de vida de los peces. El Río San Pedro en Arizona era el hogar de 13 peces nativos, pero hoy en día sólo dos permanecen. Con el objeto de evaluar la relación entre las aguas de alta temperatura y la supervivencia de los peces nativos, y para probar si los peces no-nativos tienen ventaja sobre los nativos a altas temperaturas, se examinaron las te mperaturas máximas letales para el conjunto de peces del Río San Pedro. Las especies con las que se experimentó incluyeron peces nativos y no-nativos que se encuentran en dicho río. Además, se probó con dos especies que históricamente han habitado en el río y que hoy en día se encuentran enlistadas como amenazadas bajo la Ley de Especies en Peligro de los Estados Unidos: Tiaroga* cobitis y Meda fulgida. Estas dos especies tienen hábitats críticos designados en el Río San Pedro. Asimismo, se informa sobre los resultados preliminares de experimentos de temperatura letal crónica llevado a cabo con ambas especies. Los dos métodos difieren en las tasas de cambio de temperatura y puntos de finalización y, por lo tanto, miden diferentes aspectos de los efectos del estrés térmico. Los efectos de las temperaturas elevadas del agua en las comunidades de peces del suroeste, tienen implicaciones para las actividades de manejo ripario y del bombeo de agua subterránea. [*Colocada en Rhinichthys por varios investigadores—Ed.]

Williams, Cindy Deacon*1; Williams, Jack E.2; Sada, Donald W.3 (1-Environmental Consultants, Medford, Oregon; 2-The AuCoin Institute, Southern Oregon University; 3-Desert Research Institute, Reno, Nevada) James E. Deacon: scholar and advocate for desert fishes ABSTRACT The story goes that in the late 1950s, when Jim Deacon was completing his graduate work at the University of Kansas, he came to admire desert fishes – sight unseen – “as wonderful creatures in improbable locations.” Jim joined the Biology faculty – at the time consisting of one other professor – at what would become the University of Nevada, Las Vegas (UNLV). Over the years, Jim and his students worked on the pupfishes of Ash Meadows and Death Valley; the woundfin, spinedace and suckers of the Virgin River; the springfish of the White River system; the speckled dace of the Moapa River; the poolfish of Pahrump; and the fishes of Lake Mead. He pioneered long-term research at Devils Hole and on the Virgin River, both areas of conservation interest and great demand for scarce water resources. In 1991, he expanded his desert studies by founding the Environmental Studies Program at UNLV. W. L. (“Minck”) Minckley was a dear friend and productiv e colleague even from their mutual time in Kansas, studying the rivers and fishes of that state. They collaborated on a number of desert fish papers and co-edited the “Battle Against Extinction” book published in 1991. Both men were giants in the conservation and stewardship of desert ecosystems. Jim Deacon is a scholar of fishes, a mentor to many of us, and an enthusiastic participant in life. As scores of his students and colleagues have discovered, if “Deac” is on your side, anything is possible. RESUMEN James E. Deacon: erudito y defensor de los peces del desierto Una historia cuenta que a finales de los 1950s, cuando Jim Deacon terminaba su trabajo de posgrado en la Universidad de Kansas, se admiraba de los peces del desierto – algo nunca visto – “como asombrosas criaturas en lugares poco probables”. Jim se unió a la facultad de Biología – que en ese entonces tenía sólo otro profesor – y ésta se convertiría más tarde en la Universidad de Nevada en Las Vegas (UNLV). A lo largo de los años, Jim y sus estudiantes trabajaron con los peces cachorritos de Ash Meadows y Valle de La Muerte; la carpita afilada, carpita espinuda y matalotes del Río Virgin; el pez manantial del sistema del Río White; la carpita pinta del Río Moapa; el pez de poza de Pahrump; y los peces del Lago Mead. Fué un pionero de la investigación a largo plazo en el manantial de Devil Hole y en el Río Virgin, ambas areas de interés para la conservación y gran demanda por escasos recursos de agua. En 1991, expandió sus estudios del desierto fundando el Programa de Estudios del Medio Ambiente en la UNLV. W. L. (“Minck”) Minckley fue un querido amigo y colega productivo, incluso desde ciuando eran alumnos de posgrado en Kansas, estudiando los ríos y peces de aquel estado. Colaboraron en varios artículos acerca de los peces del desierto, y fueron co-editores del libro “Batalla Contra la Extinción”, publicado en 1991. Ambos fueron gigantes en la conservación y manejo de los ecosistemas desérticos. Jim Deacon es un erudito de los peces, un mentor para muchos de nosotros, y un entusiasta partícipe de la vida. Como lo han demostrado sus numerosos estudiantes y colegas, si “Deac” está de tu lado, cualquier cosa es posible. Williams, Jack E.*1; Williams, Cindy Deacon2 (1-The AuCoin Institute, Southern Oregon University; 2-Environmental Consultants, Medford, Oregon) Recovery of endangered desert fishes: A realistic expectation or merely a lofty goal? A BSTRACT The Endangered Species Act (ESA) of 1973 has many goals, including the recovery of listed species and the conservation of ecosystems that harbor endangered and threatened species. However, the number of species that have been recovered is a small percentage (<1%) of those listed. In the 30 years since the ESA was signed into law, only 33 taxa have been delisted. Of these, 14 have been recovered, 12 were removed from the list because of taxonomic revision or other new information that found the original listing to be in error, and 7 were delisted because of extinction. Only two desert fishes, the Tecopa Amargosa pupfish, Cyprinodon nevadensis calidae , and Amistad gambusia, Gambusia

amistadensis, have been delisted, both because of extinction. In this presentation we examine the likelihood of recovery of desert fishes in the fu ture to determine whether recovery is a realistic expectation for such species or functions merely as an aspirational goal that is unlikely to be achieved. A related and important concern is how success of the ESA is measured. We argue that for desert fishes, recovery should not be considered the only appropriate measure of success. Instead, management efforts undertaken pursuant to the ESA that preclude extinction and result in improving population trends should be recognized as indicators of endangered species management success. RESUMEN La recuperación de los peces desérticos en peligro: Una expectativa real o una aspiración altamente ambiciosa? La Ley de Especies en Peligro de Extinción (ESA, por sus siglas en inglés) de 1973 tiene muchas metas, incluyendo la recuperación de las especies enlistadas y la conservación de los ecosistemas que resguardan a las especies amenazadas y en peligro. Sin embargo, del número total de especies enlistadas sólo se han recuperado un pequeño porcentaje (<1%). En los 30 años desde que la ESA se convirtió en ley, sólo 33 taxa se han retirado de la lista. De éstas, 14 se han recuperado, 12 se retiraron de la lista por revisiones taxonómicas o nueva información que evid enciara un error en el listado original, y 7 se borraron por extinción. Sólo dos peces desérticos se han retirado de la lista, el cachorrito Amargosa de Tecopa, Cyprinodon nevadensis calidae, y el guayacón de Amistad, Gambusia amistadensis, y ambas fueron por extinción. En esta presentación, se examina la probabilidad de recuperación a futuro de los peces desérticos para determinar si la recuperación es una expectativa real para estas especies o si es sólo una aspiración difícil de alcanzar. Una preocu pación relacionada e importante es la forma de evaluar el éxito de la ESA. Se argumenta que, para los peces del desierto, la recuperación no se debe considerar como la única medida apropiada de éxito. En vez de esto, los esfuerzos de manejo que se lleven a cabo conforme a la ESA y que descarten la extinción y resulten en mejorar la tendencia poblacional se deberían reconocer como indicadores de éxito en el manejo de especies en peligro.

MINUTES OF THE BUSINESS MEETING / MINUTAS DE LA REUNION DE NEGOCIOS President Paul Marsh called the Business meeting of the 35th Annual Symposium of the Desert Fishes Council to order at 1700 hours on 21 November 2003. OLD BUSINESS The membership was reminded that minutes of the 34th Annual Symposium of the Desert Fishes Council were on the we bsite and was asked if there were any revisions or other comments. A motion to accept the 2002 meeting minutes, without amendment, was made and seconded. By voice vote the minutes were accepted unanimously. FINANCIAL REPORT - The second order of business was the financial report by Executive Secretary Phil Pister. Without accoun ting for all costs and income associated with the 35th Symposium, the Council has $25,562.54 in assets and $13,523.09 in liabilities, yielding a balance of $12,039.45. In addition, the Council has $10,200 in the W.L. Minckley account and $45,561.00 in its money market account. After all financial obligations associated with the 35th Sym posium have been met, a final financial statement will be provided to the membership. That report follows here: Desert Fishes Council Financial Resources as of December 19, 2003 Assets Bank of America checking account 9,108.95 PayPal balance 7,956.83 Phoenix account 1,711.26 Forest Service grant (pending) 5,000.00 Total assets 23,777.04 Obligations Proceedings translation -2,500.00 Proceedings printing -2,500.00 Total obligations -5,000.00 Summary of all accounts Total assets 23,777.04 Total obligations 5,000.00 Balance (operating funds) 18,777.04 Minckley money market account 10,200.00 Morgan Stanley money market account 45,561.00 Total DFC financial resources (sum of last three items) 74,538.04 DESERT FISHES COUNCIL FINANCES FOR THE YEAR 2003 INCOME Dues (from Phoenix membership account) 8,500.00 Proceedings sales 250.00 Sales of Mexican fishes book (Jennifer Nielsen) 3,150.00 Interest from investment accounts ~350.00 American Fisheries Society grant, translation of book 1,000.00 *U.S. Forest Service grant 5,000.00 Subtotal 18,250.00 Death Valley Symposium Registration 11,280.00 Barbecue 3,780.00

Travel donations 1,215.00 Subtotal 16,275.00 Total income from all sources 34,525.00 EXPENDITURES Death Valley Symposium Refreshments 850.71 Program printing 116.37 Poster materials 322.89 **Barbecue 4,300.00 Refunds 280.00 Subtotal 5,869.97 Printing and mailing Chihuahuan Desert Symposium 5,212.00 Proceedings Volume 33 2,462.48 Subtotal 7,674.48 Proceedings translation: No bills yet submitted 0.00 Kluwer publishers (Nielsen Mexican fishes volume) 3,150.00 Travel Student travel awards (U.S.) 400.00 Spanish guests 900.00 ***Mexican travel 1,000.00 Subtotal 2,300.00 Miscellaneous expenditures ***Mexican exotic fishes book (Salvador Contreras) 2,000.00 FedEx charges 83.44 Donation: Depleted Amphibian Task Force 50.00 Donation: Shoshone Museum 25.00 Subtotal 2,158.44 Office expenses Stamps 74.00 Telephone 269.49 Internet charges 191.40 ****Heat, rent, storage, vehicle use for Death Valley Symposium, computer software and maintenance 0.00 Subtotal 534.89 Total of 2003 expenditures 21,687.78

Total 2003 income 34,525.00 Total 2003 expenditures 21,687.78 Balance +12,837.22 *U.S. Forest Service grant earmarked for preparation of Mexican exotic fishes book, travel by Salvador Contreras, and preparation and printing of DFC Proceedings. ** 26 gratis meals were provided at barbecue for guests, student help, etc. ***Partially funded by Forest Service grant. ****Provided gratis by executive secretary and California Department of Fish and Game. P rep are d b y E . P . P is te r December 21, 2003.

MEMBERSHIP - Membership Chair Jerry Ste fferud provided a report on current membership status. As of 10 Novemb er 2003, the Council had 240 paid and 4 complimentary memberships. Memberships are on a calendar year basis, and these totals are likely to increase when members renew or join during the annual symposium. Paid membership for 2003 increased substa ntially over 2002 (from 135 paid and 5 complimentary). Between 1999 and 2002 membership renewal notification was accomplished exclusively by electronic mail via DFC-L, and membership declined nearly 100 members from the previous years. In 2003, renewal notifications were also made by postal mailings. Membership Chair Stefferud attributed increased paid membership in 2003 to postal mailings of renewal notifications . The resurgence in membership renewals and new memberships this year is hearte ning, but implies that many members respond only to hard mailings and ignore or otherwise fail to acknowledge electronic notification. Continuation of at least one hard mailing per year will be necessary to maintain the Council’s membership. Chair Stefferud requested that all members check the membership list available at the registration de sk at this meeting to ensure that their contact information is correct. Membership payments totaled $8,650.00 during the Council’s fiscal year, 10/1/2002 to 9/30/2003 (Table 1). Income from regular memberships comprised 49% of the total, followed by life (29%), sustaining (10%), student (7%), and family (6%) memberships. In addition, $255.00 was received with membership payments to contribute to the travel fund for members from Latin America seeking to attend the annual symposium. The major expense during the year was for copying and mailing of the 2003 membership notification. In late December, membership renewal letters were sent to 420 domestic and 25 international members at a total cost of $422.80. Names and addresses were gleaned from the membership database for those in dividuals who had been a member sometime during the period 1997 through 2002. Fifty-two domestic letters were returned as undeliverable. The membership mailing generated an immediate response as >45% of the year’s membership renewals to date were received during January. Much of the Council’s communications with its members is via DFC-L. In an effort to ensure efficient communication all members have their email address added to the DFC- L upon receipt of membership application. DFC-L currently has 345 subscribers. Electronic payment of membership dues is popular with Council members. About 44% of payments received this year were via Paypal.

Desert Fishes Council Membership Financial Report 10/1/2002-9/30/2003

Income Expenses Membership Bank charges Regular 4,195.00 10/6/02 2.00 Family 525.00 11/6/02 2.00 Life 2,500.00 12/5/02 2.00 Student 590.00 1/5/03 2.00 Sustaining 840.00 2/6/03 2.00 Total 8,650.00 Total bank charges 10.00

membership

MX travel 255.00 Membership mailing (12/31/02) Copying 165.39 Mailing supplies 74.11 Postage (Domestic) 166.50

Postage (International) 16.80

Total Membership mailing 422.80

CopyCard (3/20/2003) 32.43

Total income 8,905.00 Total expenses 465.23

PROCEEDINGS - Proceedings Editor Dean Hendric kson reported that a glitch in electronic assembly of abstracts from the 34th Symposium in San Luis Potosi resulted in delay of all abstracts being tr anslated from English to Spanish, and thus publication of Proceedings. He expects Proceedings of 34th Symposium to be published and mailed within the next few months to those members whose 2002 dues were paid. NEW BUSINESS President Marsh reported that the DFC Executive Committee was recommending to the membership that the Council establish a cash award of $100 for the best student paper in each of the Frances H. Miller and Carl L. Hubbs Best Student Paper competitions. A motion to accept the recommendation was made and seconded. By voice vote the membership unanimously approved the moti on. A second motion was made to include a complimentary membership (1 year) for each recipient of best student paper in each category for the year following paper pr esentation. The motion was seconded and unanimously approved by voice vote. President Marsh conveyed to the membership that the Executive Committee was nominating Stewart Reid for Pr ogram Chair and requested nominations for this position from the floor. No nomination was received from the floor and Stewart Reid was elected Program Chair by acclamation. Presiden t Marsh thanked Mike Douglas for his considerable efforts as Program Chair during the past 6 years, and as DFC president and past-president. President Marsh next informed the membership that the Executive Committee was nominating Jim Brooks for President of DFC and requested nominations from the floor. No nomination was received from floor. Tony Echelle moved that nominations be closed and the motion was seconded. Jim Brooks was elected President by acclamation. President Marsh asked the membership if ther e were other items of new business to be discussed. None were offered. RESOLUTIONS – The next matter of business before the Council was a proposed resolution to the Governor of Arizona regard ing native fish management issues in that

state and need to appoint State Game and Fish Commissioner(s) knowledgeable of and amenable to native fish conservation. A brief overview of perceived issues regarding native fish conservation in Arizona and pur pose of the resolution was provided by Sally Stefferud. A motion to accept the resolution was made by Jim Deacon and seconded. During ensuing discussion, two potential alternative resolutions were presented, one having been previously drafted by the Executive Secretary and another by a member. One alternative was more generic and addressed to governors of all western states. The second alternative remained specific to Arizona but eliminated some language from the original resolution that was felt potentially controversial. Discussion was restricted to the initial resolution. The main points of discussion on the resolution concerned accuracy of some statements, phrasing (some believed it too negative), specific purpose (it was suggested to list perceived problems in the cover memo rath er than the resolution), sensitivity (how to politely volunteer to th e Governor that the Council could help in developing a list of candidates) , how resolution would be perceive d (possibly as an att ack on Arizona Game and Fish Department and Commission versus simply a listing of problems), and the potential for the resolution to be misinterpr eted. The question was raised as to who the resolution should be directed - just Arizona or all western states? The membership voted (51 to 22) that the resolution should be re worded to reflect membership concerns, but limited in scope to Arizona. Members from ot her states could fiel d their own resolution. President Marsh then suggested that a committee of three be appointed to revise the resolution based upon discussion of membership. Membership was agreeable and President Marsh appointed Gary Garrett, Paul Holden, and Sally Stefferud to draft a revised version of the resolution that would incorporate input from the membership as voiced during the discussion for considerati on by the membership at a re-convening of the business meeting the next day. At this point, Jim Deacon moved to table the original motion to accept the resolution. Motion was seconded by Phil Pister and carried by the membership via voice vote. Clark Hubbs moved to close the meeting, motion seconded, and meeting adjourned until 1200, 22 November 2003. The membership of the Council reconvened at 1200 on 22 November 2003 to consider a revised version of the resolution re native fish management in Arizona drafted by Holden, Garrett, and Stefferud. This revised resoluti on was presented to the membership and a motion was made, and seconded, to accept this draft of the resolution. After a brief discussion, the membership voted. By voice vot e, a majority supported the resolution as presented below, and President Marsh was dir ected by membership to draft a cover letter and submit the resolution to the Governor of Arizona. RESOLUTION Relative to the conservation of native fishes in Arizona WHEREAS Arizona’s rivers, streams, cieneg as, spring pools and other aquatic resources are an unique and important part of the state’s natural heritage; and WHEREAS Arizona’s native fishes that utilize these aquatic habitats are now extremely rare and more than half of them are now listed as Endangered or Threatened and one is extinct; and WHEREAS the major causes for the decline of native fish species have been habitat loss, as well as predation and competition from introduced nonnative fish species, many of which are species introduced for sport fishing; and

WHEREAS one important management action to improve conditions for native fishes is the removal of nonnative sport fish from selected areas where other conditions for the native fishes are favorable, and WHEREAS the Arizona Game and Fish Department has management jurisdiction over both native and sport fishes, presenting an often conflicting set of management priorities, and WHEREAS the Arizona Game and Fish Commission sets policy for the Department and the resulting actions of ten set the stage for conflict between native fish management and other management direction and goals, and WHEREAS it is the stated mission of the Depa rtment “to conserve, enhance, and restore Arizona’s diverse wildlife resources and habitats through aggressive protection and management programs, and to provide wildlife resources and safe watercraft and off-highway vehicle recreation for the enjoyment, appreciation, and use by present and future generations.” now therefore be it RESOLVED that the Desert Fishes Council (an international organization numbering in excess of 250 agency, university, and private research and management scientists and resource specialists and other individuals concerned with the long-term integrity of North Am erica’s desert ecosystems) assembled at its thirty-fifth Annual Symposium on November 22, 2003 in Death Valley National Park, Furnace Creek, California, urges the Governor of Arizona to select representatives for the Arizona Game and Fish Commission with a strong conservation ethic and a record of familiarity with the plight of the state’s native fishes. Be it further RESOLVED that the Desert Fishes Council urges the Gove rnor of Arizona to guide the Arizona Game and Fish Commi ssion to create policies and direction that fulfill its stated mission which include the conservation, enhancement, and restoration of native fishes in Arizona and the aquatic ecosystems on which they depend. Jim Deacon and Cindy Williams-Deacon then introduced a resolution from the floor relative to Ash Meadows and nonnative fish ma nagement. The resolution urged the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service to remove nonnative fishes from habitats within Ash Meadows National Wildlife Refuge. After brief discussion, a motion was made, and seconded, to accept the resolution as originally written and to convey it as presented below to the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service:

RESOLUTION Relative to the removal of non- native fishes and artificial habitats favoring them from Ash Meadows National Wildlife Refuge WHEREAS the Ash Meadows National Wildlife Refuge was established in June 1984 primarily for the preservation of native biota, and WHEREAS stream rehabilitation and renovatio n projects at Ash Meadows have demonstrated that management actions can be successful in accomplishing the primary purpose for which the refuge was established, and WHEREAS artificial habitats, particularly reservoirs, distinctly favor exotic organisms, and

WHEREAS it has been repeatedly demonstrated that two such organisms, largemouth bass and green sunfish, are voracious predators that can quickly destroy native fish populations, and WHEREAS the presence of largemouth bass a nd green sunfish is incompatible with the primary purpose of the Ash Meadows National Wildlife Refuge, now therefore be it RESOLVED that the Desert Fishes Council strongly urges the USFWS to vigorously and completely remove larg emouth bass and green sunfish and the artificial habitats that support them from the Ash Meadows National Wildlife Refuge. The business meeting of the 35th Symposium of the Desert Fishes Council was adjourned at 1230 on 22 November 2003.

DFC HYDROLOGIC BASIN AND AGENCY REPORT COORDINATORS The following people were responsible for coordinating agency and other input to reports presented on activities in each area during the year between meetings of the DFC.

Areas Coordinator Nadine Kanim, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Yreka Field Office, 1829 S. Oregon Street, Yreka, California 96097. Phone: (530) 842-5763, FAX (530) 842-4517, Email:Nadine_Kanim@fws.gov Oregon (State of, and upper Pit River drainage of California): Rollie White, U.S.F.W.S., Oregon State Office, 2600 S.E. 98th Avenue, Suite 100, Portland, OR 97266, Phone: (503) 231-6179, FAX: (503) 231-6195, Email: rollie_white@fws.gov California (State of, except for Pit and Klamath drainages of northeast California and mainstem lower Colorado River): Steve Parmenter, California Department of Fish and Game, 407 W. Line Street, Bishop, CA 93514, Phone: (760) 872-1171, FAX: (760) 872-1284, Email: spar@dfg.ca.gov Nevada (State of, except for Virgin River): Anita Cook, Nevada Department of Wildlife, 1100 Valley Road, Reno, NV 89512, Phone: (775) 688-1532, FAX: (775) 688-1595, Email: acook@ndow.state.nv.us; Cynthia Martinez, U.S.F.W.S., Southern Nevada Field Office, 4701 N. Torrey Pines Drive, Las Vegas, NV 89130, Phone (702) 515-5230, FAX: (702) 515- 5231, Email: cynthia_t_martinez@fws.gov Bonneville Basin (western Utah, far-eastern Nevada, southern Idaho, and far-southwestern Wyoming): Matthew E. Andersen, Utah Department of Natural Resources, Division of Wildlife Resources, 1594 W. North Temple, Suite 2110, Salt Lake City, Utah 84114, Phone: (801) 538-4756, FAX: (801) 538-4745, Email: matthewandersen@utah.gov Upper Colorado River (upstream of Glen Canyon Dam on Powell Reservoir, including Green, Gunnison, Dolores, and San Juan rivers): Timothy Modde, U.S.F.W.S., Colorado River Fish Project, 1380 S., 2300 W, Vernal UT 84078, Phone: (435) 789-0354, FAX: (435) 789-4805, Email: tim_modde@fws.gov Lower Colorado River (including Little Colorado, Virgin, Bill Williams, and Gila rivers): Sally Stefferud, Phone: (602) 274-5544, Email: stefferud@cox.net Upper/middle Rio Grande and Pecos rivers, including Tularosa and Guzman basins of New Mexico (downstream to the confluence of the Rio Grande [Río Bravo] and Río Conchos): Jim Brooks, U.S.F.W.S., New Mexico Fishery Resources Office, 3800 Commons Avenue, N.E., Albuquerque, New Mexico, 87109, Phone: (505) 342-9900, FAX: (505) 342-9905, Email: jim_brooks@fws.gov Texas (State of): Gary Garrett, Texas Parks and Wildlife Department, Heart of the Hills Fisheries Science Center, HC 7, Box 62, Ingram, Texas 78025, Phone: (830) 866-3356, FAX: (830) 866-3549, Email: gary.garrett@tpwd.state.tx.us Northwestern Mexico (including the peninsula of Baja California): Alejandro Varela-Romero, Universidad de Sonora, DICTUS - Departmento de Investigaciones Cientificas y Tecnologicas, A.P. 1819, Hermosillo, Sonora, Mexico, Phone: [011] (52) 62 12 19 95, FAX: [011] (52) 62 12 32 71, E-mail: avarela@guayacan.uson.mx Northeastern Mexico (Río Bravo [Rio Grande] area) and Mexico (national): Salvador Contreras-Balderas, A.P. 504, San Nicolas de los Garza, Nuevo Leon, Mexico 66450, Phone: [011] (52) (8) 376-2231, Home: [011] (52) (8) 313-1641, Email: saconbal@axtel.net

APPENDIX 1. SPECIES STATUS TRACKING TABLES (see abstract: Allan et al. 2002. “Desert Fishes Council 2002 species status tracking tables” for more information) Species: Common name, scientific name Status: Declining, Stable, Increasing, Unknown Specificic Threats: Specific activities that are threats to species/populations Conservation Activities: Relevant conservation activities that have identifiable improvements in status Other: Other information that could be useful or informative, including references (Editors’ note – these tables were compiled by the Area Coordinators and edited by Areas Coordinator Nadine Kanim. Any inconsistencies with taxonomic names as applied in other sections of the Proceedings reflect the judgement of the specific Area Coordinator.)

Species Status Tracking Table - Area: California; Year 2002; Area Coordinator – Steve Parmenter Species Status Specific threats Conservation activities Other? Extinct Tecopa pupfish Cyprinodon nevadensis calidae None Water development Extirpated Sonoran mud turtle Kinosternon sonoriense sonoriense N/A Water development, non-native predators State species of special concern- California Endangered arroyo southwestern toad Bufo californicus Unknown

Dams, campground development, urban development, non-native predators; habitat changes by nonnative plants and beavers State species of special concern- California desert slender salamander Batrachoseps aridus Unknown Known only from two small areas in two canyons in southern California; very small populations with limited habitat One occurrence is within Hidden Palms State Ecological Reserve, which is closed to public access. California State Endangered 1973

Species Status Specific threats Conservation activities Other? desert pupfish Cyprinodon macularius macularius Stable Competition and predation by exotic fishes; vegetation encroachment (tamarisk) in refuges and streams; water development Currently there are 12 refuge ponds stocked with fish from the three “natural “California populations. California State Endangered Mohave tui chub Siphateles bicolor mohavensis Unknown Hybridization with introduced arroyo chub; Asian tapeworm; competition with Gambusia; lack of suitable habitats for recovery California State Endangered and California “fully protected” Owens pupfish Cyprinodon radiosus Stable Predation by largemouth bass; vegetation encroachment in refuges; competition with Gambusia, bullfrog, and introduced crayfish; landowner reluctance to become involved with recovery Refuge renovation at BLM Spring (Mono County) 2002 California State Endangered and California “fully protected” Owens tui chub Siphateles bicolor snyderi Declining Hybridization with introduced Lahontan tui chubs; predation by largemouth bass; vegetation encroachment in refuges; competition with Gambusia, bullfrog, and introduced crayfish; landowner reluctance to become involved with recovery. Asian tapeworm found at Cabin Bar 2002. Study funded by USFWS/CDFG “Introgressive hybridization and genetic differentiation of endangered Owens tui chub populations” to examine genetic integrity of refugial and wild populations.

Shay Creek unarmored threespine stickleback Gasterosteus aculeatus ssp. Stable Loss of habitat through urbanization and water diversions Land acquisition (in process) along with refugia site(s) assessment and population monitoring. Preliminary genetics work (un-published) shows species more closely related to British Columbia sticklebacks. For regulatory purposes this is considered a population of unarmored threespine stickleback until described otherwise.

Species Status Specific threats Conservation activities Other? unarmored threespine stickleback Gasterosteus aculeatus williamsoni Declining Competition with or predation by non-native fish; loss of habitat through urbanization and channelization; and introgression with other subspecies of sticklebacks Population and threat assessment (ongoing) in the Santa Clara watershed California State Endangered and California “fully protected” Threatened Cottonball Marsh pupfish Cyprinodon salinus milleri Stable Naturally restricted distribution Lahontan cutthroat trout Oncorhynchus clarkii henshawi Stable Hybridization; displacement by nonnative salmonids

Paiute cutthroat trout Oncorhynchus clarkii seleniris Increasing Hybridization; displacement by nonnative salmonids Planned repatriation to Silver King Creek native reach downstream of Llewellyn Falls following rotenone treatment 9/2003

Santa Ana sucker Catostomus santaanae Unknown Urbanization, recreational gold dredging, recreational dams, OHVs, high temperatures, and erratic dam releases “Santa Ana Sucker Conservation Team” information at http://www.sawpa.org/sucker/ USFWS considers Santa Clarita River fish introduced, therefore non-regulated; State species of special concern- California Species of Concern Aardahl’s springsnail Pyrgulopsis aardahli Unknown Groundwater development for bottling plant; possible impacts if habitat becomes invaded by New Zealand mudsnail Amargosa Canyon speckled dace Rhinichthys osculus ssp. Unknown largemouth bass Amargosa naucorid bug Pelocoris biimpressus biimpressus Unknown Water diversion activities; possible impacts if habitat becomes invaded by New Zealand mudsnail or crayfish

Species Status Specific threats Conservation activities Other? Amargosa pupfish Cyprinodon nevadensis amargosae Unknown Amargosa springsnail Pyrgulopsis amargosae Unknown Water diversion activities; possible impacts if habitat becomes invaded by New Zealand mudsnail or crayfish

Amargosa tryonia Tryonia variegate Unknown Possible impacts if habitat becomes invaded by New Zealand mudsnail or crayfish

arroyo chub Gila orcuttii Unknown Urbanization, stream channelization, introduced red shiners Depleted within its native range, but common where introduced in the Santa Clara, Santa Maria, Mojave River and other basins; State species of special concern-California Badwater snail Assiminea infima Unknown Water diversion activities; possible impacts if habitat becomes invaded by New Zealand mudsnail or crayfish; habitat loss

black toad Bufo exsul Stable Water diversion and cattle grazing impacts Small native range, but locally abundant; California State Endangered and California “fully protected” Cottonball Marsh tryonia snail Tryonia salina Unknown Possible impacts if habitat becomes invaded by New Zealand mudsnail

Death Valley June beetle Polyphylla erratica Unknown Groundwater depletion; limited to moist alkaline flats along the Amargosa River

desert tryonia Tryonia protea Declining Geothermal development; possible impacts if habitat becomes invaded by New Zealand mudsnail Not found in Hot Creek gorge in 2002

Species Status Specific threats Conservation activities Other? Fish Slough springsnail Pyrgulopsis perturbata Stable Habitat alteration by low head dam/fish barriers; possible impacts if habitat becomes invaded by New Zealand mudsnail

Furnace Creek riffle beetle Microcylloepus formicoideus Unknown Water diversion activities; possible impacts if habitat becomes invaded by New Zealand mudsnail or crayfish

Grapevine Springs elongate tryonia snail Tryonia marga Unknown Possible impacts if habitat becomes invaded by New Zealand mudsnail

Grapevine Springs squat tryonia snail Tryonia rowlandsi Unknown Possible impacts if habitat becomes invaded by New Zealand mudsnail

Lahontan tui chub Siphateles bicolor obesa Stable Study funded by USFWS/CDFG “Introgressive hybridization and genetic differentiation of endangered Owens tui chub populations” to examine genetic integrity of refugial and wild populations of Lahontan and Owens populations.

Lahontan mountain sucker Catostomus platyrhynchus lahontan Unknown Long Valley speckled dace Rhinichthys osculus ssp. Declining Displacement by Gambusia; threat of colonization by introduced tiger salamander; lack of suitable recovery habitat. Pathological examination of single remaining population (2002) reveals 100% infection rate by both monogenean Gyrodactylus sp. and trematode (metacercaria stage) Clinostomum species.

Species Status Specific threats Conservation activities Other? Nevares Spring naucorid bug Ambrysus funebris Unknown Water diversion activities; possible impacts if habitat becomes invaded by New Zealand mudsnail or crayfish

Oasis Valley springsnail Pyrgulopsis micrococcus Unknown Water diversion activities; possible impacts if habitat becomes invaded by New Zealand mudsnail or crayfish

Owens sucker Catostomus fumeiventris Stable Owens Valley springsnail Pyrgulopsis owensensis Stable Possible impacts if habitat becomes invaded by New Zealand mudsnail

Owens Valley speckled dace Rhinichthys osculus ssp. Stable Populations surveyed in 2002 Rediscovered in Fish Slough 2001 and 2002 Pister’s springsnail Pyrgulopsis pisteri Stable Possible impacts if habitat becomes invaded by New Zealand mudsnail

Salt Creek pupfish Cyprinodon salinus salinus Stable Naturally restricted distribution; groundwater impacts from outside park boundary

Santa Ana speckled dace Rhinichthys osculus ssp. Unknown Urbanization, displacement by red shiners, mining, dams

Saratoga Springs pupfish Cyprinodon nevadensis nevadensis Declining Population apparently decimated in Lake Tuendae (Zzyzx) following unexplained appearance of Gambusia

Shoshone naucorid bug Pelocoris biimpressus shoshone Unknown Habitat loss due to palm tree invasion Shoshone pupfish Cyprinodon nevadensis Shoshone Declining Water development; encroachment of cattail throughout only habitat

Species Status Specific threats Conservation activities Other? Tahoe sucker Catostomus tahoensis Unknown Texas Spring amphipod Hyalella muerta Unknown Water diversion activities Travertine Springs amphipod Hyalella Sandra Unknown Water diversion activities; possible impacts if habitat becomes invaded by New Zealand mudsnail or crayfish

Travertine Springs springsnail Ipnobius robustus Unknown Water diversion activities; possible impacts if habitat becomes invaded by New Zealand mudsnail or crayfish

Western pond turtle Clemmys marmorata Unknown Groundwater depletion; tamarisk; loss of upland nesting sites Lovich and Meyer (2002) present status information-http://www.werc.usgs.gov/hq/pdfs/pondt urtle.pdf Western riffle beetle Microcylloepus similes Unknown Water diversion activities; possible impacts if habitat becomes invaded by New Zealand mudsnail or crayfish

Wong’s springsnail Pyrgulopsis wongi Stable Possible impacts if habitat becomes invaded by New Zealand mudsnail

Species Status Tracking Table - Area: Bonneville Basin; Year 2002; Area Coordinator – M.E. Andersen Species Status Specific threats Conservation activities Other? June sucker Chasmistes liorus Stable (Rare) Decline of water flow; nonnative fish predation Recovery Program established; artificial culture; habitat modification Listed endangered 1986, 51 FR 10857; Recovery Plan USFWS 1999 least chub Iotichthys phlegethontis Stable (Rare) Habitat loss; nonnative fish predation Conservation Agreement; nonnative control; habitat improvement Sigler, W.F., and J.W. Sigler. 1996, University of Utah Press; Crawford, M. 1978, Transactions of the Bonneville Chapter of the American Fisheries Society 1978: 90-99; Christ, L. 1980, Proceedings of the Desert Fishes Council 12:77. leatherside chub Gila [=Snyderichthys] copei Declining Decline of flow; dams and diversions; nonnative fish predation and competition Informal multi-agency working group; field studies; molecular studies Current research indicates northern and southern populations may be two species

Johnson, J.B. and S. Jordan, 2000, Molecular Ecology 9:1029-1035; Dowling, T.E., C.A. Tibbets, W.L. Minckley, and G.R. Smith, 2002, Copeia 665-678; Wilson, K.W. and M.C. Belk, 2001, Western North American Naturalist 61:36- 42. bluehead sucker Catostomus discobolus Declining Decline of flow; dams and diversions; nonnative fish predation and competition Conservation Agreement being drafted; seeking additional funding for management Disjunct population in Weber River drainage needs additional investigation (remaining population in Colorado River drainage)

Bezzerides and Bestgen, 2002, Colorado State University Bear Lake whitefish Prosopium abyssicola Stable Water quality; lack of secure habitat Ongoing monitoring Difficult to monitor, needs additional investigation

Sigler, W.F., and J.W. Sigler. 1996, University of Utah Press.

Species Status Specific threats Conservation activities Other? Bonneville whitefish Prosopium spilonotus Stable Water quality; lack of secure habitat Ongoing monitoring Difficult to monitor, needs additional investigation

Sigler, W.F., and J.W. Sigler. 1996, University of Utah Press. Bonneville cisco Prosopium gemmifer Stable Water quality; lack of secure habitat Ongoing monitoring Difficult to monitor, needs additional investigation

Sigler, W.F., and J.W. Sigler. 1996, University of Utah Press Bonneville cutthroat trout Oncorhynchus clarkii utah Stable Water quality; habitat fragmentation; hybridization with stocked O. mykiss Tri-state Conservation Agreement; nonnative control; habitat improvement Number of populations and distribution increasing with surveying and management; found not warranted for listing based on current actions

Conservation Agreement and Strategy 2000; USFWS Status Review 2001 Lahontan cutthroat trout Oncorhynchus clarkii henshawi Stable Reduced water flow Refuge population established in Utah Only population in Utah has been introduced

Recovery Plan USFWS 1995 Bear Lake sculpin Cottus extensus Stable Water quality; lack of secure habitat None Additional investigations needed

Sigler, W.F., and J.W. Sigler. 1996, University of Utah Press. mottled sculpin Cottus bairdii Unknown None Additional investigations needed

Sigler, W.F., and J.W. Sigler. 1996, University of Utah Press. Paiute sculpin Cottus beldingii Unknown None Additional investigations needed

Sigler, W.F., and J.W. Sigler. 1996, University of Utah Press.

Species Status Specific threats Conservation activities Other? longnose dace Rhinichthys cataractae Unknown None Additional investigations needed

Sigler, W.F., and J.W. Sigler. 1996, University of Utah Press. speckled dace Rhinichthys osculus Unknown None Additional investigations needed

Sigler, W.F., and J.W. Sigler. 1996, University of Utah Press. redside shiner Richardsonius balteatus Unknown None Additional investigations needed

Sigler, W.F., and J.W. Sigler. 1996, University of Utah Press. Utah chub Gila atraria Stable None Implicated in decline of sports fisheries

Sigler, W.F., and J.W. Sigler. 1996, University of Utah Press. Utah sucker Catostomus ardens Stable None Population in Utah Lake apparently distinguished from populations elsewhere

Sigler, W.F., and J.W. Sigler. 1996, University of Utah Press. mountain sucker Catostomus platyrhynchus Unknown None Additional investigations needed

Sigler, W.F., and J.W. Sigler. 1996, University of Utah Press.

Species Status Tracking Table - Area: Upper Colorado River basin; Year 2002; Area Coordinator – Tim Modde Species Status Specific threats Conservation activities Other? razorback sucker Xyrauchen texanus Endangered Flow reduction and manipulation, nonnative introductions Upper Colorado River Basin Recovery Program 1988-present Recovery goals established

U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. 2002a. Razorback sucker (Xyrauchen texanus) Recovery Goals: amendment and supplement to the Razorback Sucker Recovery Plan. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Mountain-Prairie Region (6), Denver, Colorado. Colorado pikeminnow Ptychocheilus lucius Endangered Flow reduction and manipulation, nonnative introductions Upper Colorado River Basin Recovery Program 1988-present Recovery goals established

U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. 2002b. Colorado pikeminnow (Ptychocheilus lucius ) Recovery Goals: amendment and supplement to the Colorado Pikeminnow Recovery Plan. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Mountain-Prairie Region (6), Denver, Colorado. humpback chub Gila cypha Endangered Flow reduction and manipulation, nonnative introductions Upper Colorado River Basin Recovery Program 1988-present Recovery goals established

U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. 2002c. Humpback chub (Gila cypha) Recovery Goals: amendment and supplement to the Humpback Chub Recovery Plan. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Mountain-Prairie Region (6), Denver, Colorado.

Species Status Specific threats Conservation activities Other? bonytail Gila elegans Endangered Flow reduction and manipulation, nonnative introductions Upper Colorado River Basin Recovery Program 1988-present Recovery goals established

U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. 2002d. Bonytail (Gila elegans) Recovery Goals: amendment and supplement to the Bonytail Recovery Plan. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Mountain-Prairie Region (6), Denver, Colorado. woundfin Plagopterus argentissimus Declining Water diversion, exotic competitor/predators (red shiner) Recovery Program; nonnative removal, habitat protection, flow management Federally listed

Final Recovery Plan 1995 Virgin chub Gila seminuda Unknown Water diversion, habitat loss/destruction/ exotics (red shiner) Recovery Program; nonnative removal, habitat protection, flow management Federally listed

Final Recovery Plan 1995

Species Status Tracking Table - Area: Lower Colorado River basin; Year 2002; Area Coordinator – Jerry Stefferud Species Status Specific threats Conservation activities Other? Extinct Santa Cruz pupfish Cyprinodon arcuatus Extinct Described in 2002 as species distinct from C. macularius. This description combines all previous forms in the Santa Cruz River subbasin as distinct from the pupfish in the rest of the Gila River basin.

Extirpated Zuni bluehead sucker Catostomus discobolus yarrowi N/A Endangered Gila trout Oncorhynchus gilae gilae Increasing humpback chub Gila cypha Declining bonytail Gila elegans Declining In 1998, USFWS inadvertently introduced nonnative gizzard shad into Lake Powell. Augmentation stocking into Lake Havasu. Successful captive propagation at Achii Hanyo.

Virgin chub Gila seminuda Declining Red shiner invaded only area previously free of them. Channel catfish increasing. Recovery Team sampling finds few chub, but summer snorkeling surveys in AZ and NV count 33 adults and 147 juveniles. Tilapia invasion proceeding slowly. Colorado pikeminnow Ptychocheilus lucius Declining

Species Status Specific threats Conservation activities Other? woundfin Plagopterus argentissimus Declining Red shiner invaded only area previously free of them. Channel catfish increasing. Wahweap Hatchery propagation met with setbacks. Stocks continue to be held at Dexter National Fish Hatchery. Tilapia invasion proceeding slowly. razorback sucker Xyrauchen texanus Declining Giant salvinia control efforts in lower Colorado River stalled. Stocking into Lake Havasu; Renovation of Beal Lake and stocking with razorback.; Renovation of Imperial Duck Ponds; Study of habitat selection overlap with flathead catfish; Continued repatriation into Verde River. No successful reproduction documented in 15year stocking program. Lake Mohave population census is 3-4,000 fish compared to estimates in the hundred thousands, 20 years ago. Gila topminnow Poeciliopsis occidentalis Declining Documentation of continued occupation of Sonoita Creek above Patagonia Lake and Sharp Spring in upper Santa Cruz drainage. Construction of livestock exclosure on Oak Grove Canyon, tributary to Redrock Canyon to allow limited recovery of watered habitat.

desert pupfish Cyprinodon macularius Stable Repatriation into Lousy Canyon. See California Area Report abstract for activities in Salton Sea basin.

Sonoyta pupfish Cyprinodon eremus Declining Drought and rapidly escalating illegal immigration. Salvage of pupfish from drying areas of Rio Sonoyta to Pinacate Biosphere Preserve. Fall surveys show water levels down but pupfish doing well.

Threatened Apache trout Oncorhynchus gilae apache Increasing Renovation of Snake Creek to remove nonnative trouts

Sonora chub Gila ditaenia Stable

Species Status Specific threats Conservation activities Other? Little Colorado spinedace Lepidomeda vittata Declining Drought. Actions within the East Clear Creek drainage include: drought salvage of spinedace from Yeager, West Leonard, and Leonard Canyons and placement into Flagstaff Arboretum pond. Repatriation into Dane Canyon, part of the East Clear Creek drainage.

spikedace Meda fulgida Declining Recent documentation of Asian tapeworm in Verde River. USGS study of innovative nonnative control techniques underway, funded by Central Arizona Project nonnative management program.

loach minnow Tiaroga [=Rhinichthys] cobitis Declining Site investigations for barrier construction on Blue River are underway. Verde River tributary surveys found no loach minnow. Conservation Agreement inlieu of Federal Listing

Virgin spinedace Lepidomeda mollispinis mollispinis Declining Program to repatriate in upper Beaver Dam Wash appears to be unsuccessful and is being reevaluated.

Proponed Endangered

Gila chub Gila intermedia Declining Proposed for listing in August 2002, as endangered with critical habitat. Renovation of O’Donnell Creek to remove green sunfish. Salvage from Sabino Canyon and temporary holding due to drought. Surveys confirmed presence in Williamson Valley Wash and 2 new locations in Verde River tributaries.

Species of Concern roundtail chub Gila robusta Declining Completion of Fossil Creek restoration project, initiated in the 1990’s, delayed because of inadequate regulatory mechanisms for protection of non-listed species. Final status report issued January 2002, finding significant declines and substantial threats. Ongoing crayfish control in Fossil Creek.

headwater chub Gila nigra Declining Completion of Fossil Creek restoration project, initiated in the 1990’s, delayed because of inadequate regulatory mechanisms for protection of non-listed species. Final status report issued January 2002, finding significant declines and substantial threats. Ongoing crayfish control in Fossil Creek.

longfin dace Agosia chrysogaster Declining Repatriation into Martinez Canyon. Ongoing crayfish control project in Martinez Canyon.

speckled dace Rhinichthys osculus Declining desert sucker Catostomus (Pantosteus) clarki Declining bluehead sucker Catostomus discobolus Unknown Sonora sucker Catostomus insignis Declining Renovation of O’Donnell Creek to remove green sunfish.

flannelmouth sucker Catostomus latipinnis Declining

Little Colorado sucker Catostomus sp. Declining striped mullet Mugil cephalus Declining Desert Fishes Recovery Team. 2002. Minutes of March 4, 2002 and September 16, 2003 meetings, Tempe, AZ. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Phoenix, AZ. Fagan, W. F., P.J. Unmack, C. Burgess, and W.L. Minckley. 2002. Rarity, fragmentation, and extinction risk in desert fishes. Ecology 83(12):3250-3256. Garrigan, D., P. C. Marsh, and T. E. Dowling. 2002. Long-term effective population size of three endangered Colorado River fishes. Animal Conservation 5:95-102. Minckley, W. L., R. R. Miller, and S. M. Norris. 2002. Three new pupfish species, Cyprinodon (Teleostei, Cyprinodontidae), from Chihuahua, Mexico, and Arizona, USA. Copeia 2002(3):687-705. Tibbitts, T. 2002. Sept. 4, 2002 Draft summary of 202 census estimate, Quitobaquito pupfish (Cyprinodon eremus), Organ Pipe Cactus National Monument. USDI, National Park Service, Ajo, AZ. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. 2002. Listing the Gila chub a endangered with critical habitat. Proposed rule. Federal Register 67(154):51948-51985. Voeltz, J. B. 2002. Roundtail chub (Gila robusta) status survey of the lower Colorado River basin. Arizona Game and Fish Department, Phoenix, AZ.

Species Status Tracking Table - Area: Upper middle Rio Grande and Pecos River; Year 2002; Area Coordinators – Jim Brooks and Hilary Watts Species Status Specific threats Conservation activities Other? Extinct Family Acipenseridae

shovelnose sturgeon Scaphirynchus platorynchus Extinct

Middle Rio Grande, NM Water diversion, reservoir construction None TX: Threatened species; OK: Special concern species

Lee, D. S. 1943. Atlas of North American freshwater fishes; Smith, M. L. and R. R. Miller. 1986. The Evolution of the Rio Grande Basin as Inferred from Its Fish Fauna. The Zoogeography of North American Freshwater Fishes; Sublette, J. E., M. D. Hatch, and M. Sublette. 1990. The Fishes of New Mexico. The University of New Mexico Press, Albuquerque; New Mexico Department of Game and Fish Web Site Biota Information System of New Mexico: http://www.cmiweb.org/states/nmex_main/fish.htm Family Cyprinidae

phantom shiner Notropis orca Extinct

Middle and lower Rio Grande, NM Dam and reservoir construction, decline in water flow and quality, and habitat availability None Miller, R. R., J. D. Williams, and J. E. Williams. 1989. Fisheries 14(6):22; Smith, M.L. and R.R. Miller. 1986. The Evolution of the Rio Grande Basin as Inferred from Its Fish Fauna. The Zoogeography of North American Freshwater Fishes; Sublette, J.E., M.D. Hatch, and M. Sublette. 1990. The Fishes of New Mexico. The University of New Mexico Press, Albuquerque. Family Cyprinidae

Rio Grande bluntnose shiner Notropis simus simus Extinct

Rio Grande, NM Dam and reservoir construction, decline in water flow and quality, and habitat availability None Miller, R. R., J. D. Williams, and J. E. Williams. 1989. Fisheries 14(6):22; Smith, M.L. and R.R. Miller. 1986. The Evolution of the Rio Grande Basin as Inferred from Its Fish Fauna. The Zoogeography of North American Freshwater Fishes; Sublette, J.E., M.D. Hatch, and M. Sublette. 1990. The Fishes of New Mexico. The University of New Mexico Press, Albuquerque. Family Cyprinidae

Texas shiner Notropis amabilis Extinct

Upstream Pecos River, NM Dam and reservoir construction, decline in water flow and quality, and habitat availability None Smith, M.L. and R.R. Miller. 1986. The Evolution of the Rio Grande Basin as Inferred from Its Fish Fauna. The Zoo-geography of North American Freshwater Fishes; Sublette, J.E., M.D. Hatch, and M. Sublette. 1990. The Fishes of New Mexico. The University of New Mexico Press, Albuquerque.

Extirpated Family Anguillidae

American eel Anguilla rostrata Declining

Rio Grande and Pecos River drainages, NM Commercial over-fishing None Extirpated from NM in the 1930’s or 1940’s. Possibly reintroduced into the Rio Grande by way of the Rio Grande in Colorado

Sublette, J.E., M.D. Hatch, and M. Sublette. 1990. The Fishes of New Mexico. The University of New Mexico Press, Albuquerque; New Mexico Department of Game and Fish Web Site Biota Information System Of New Mexico: http://www.cmiweb.org/states/nmex_main/fish.htm Family Cyprinidae

beautiful shiner Cyprinella formosa Declining

Mimbres River, NM Dam and reservoir construction, decline in water flow and quality, and habitat availability; increased predation/ competition by introduced species Unknown Federal: Threatened, Conservation Agreement exists; USFS: Sensitive (NM/AZ); AZ: Species of special concern; Mexico: Threatened species

Sublette, J.E., M.D. Hatch, and M. Sublette. 1990. The Fishes of New Mexico. The University of New Mexico Press, Albuquerque; New Mexico Department of Game and Fish Web Site Biota Information System Of New Mexico: http://www.cmiweb.org/states/nmex_main/fish.htm Endangered Family Cyprinidae

Rio Grande silvery minnow Hybognathus amarus Declining

Middle Rio Grande, NM Dam and reservoir construction, decline in water flow and quality, and limited habitat availability; extensive channel drying Ongoing captive propagation, augmentation and population monitoring in New Mexico; habitat improvement construction activities in riverside areas Federal: Listed as Endangered, Critical Habitat proposed, Recovery Plan 1999, Biological Opinion 2003; USFS: Sensitive (NM/AZ); NM: Endangered, Provides full protection, Non-game species; Heritage NM: Critically imperiled in NM

Federal Register 59 FR 36988-36995; Federal Register 67 FR 39205- 39235; Propst, D.L. 1999. Threatened and endangered fishes of New Mexico. Tech. Rpt. No. 1. New Mexico Department of Game and Fish, Santa Fe, NM. 84 pp; New Mexico Department of Game and Fish Web Site Biota Information System Of New Mexico: http://www.cmiweb.org/states/nmex_main/fish.htm

Family Poeciliidae

Pecos gambusia Gambusia nobilis Declining

Pecos River (off-channel springs and sinkholes), in Chaves and Eddy Counties, NM Spring complex habitat loss/ degradation from groundwater pumping; exotic competitors Identification of site and habitat criteria for population establishment in New Mexico; population surveys with Pecos pupfish monitoring efforts at Bitter Lake NWR Federal: Listed as Endangered, Recovery Plan 1983b, Conservation Agreement exists; NM: Endangered, Provides limited protection, Nongame species; Heritage NM: Critically imperiled in NM; TX: Endangered

Federal Register 35 FR 16047-16048; 19 NMAC 33.1; Propst, D.L. 1999. Threatened and endangered fishes of New Mexico. Tech. Rpt. No. 1. New Mexico Department of Game and Fish, Santa Fe, NM. 84 pp.; New Mexico Department of Game and Fish Web Site Biota Information System Of New Mexico: http://www.cmiweb.org/states/nmex_main/fish.htm Threatened Family Cyprinidae

Chihuahua chub Gila nigrescens Declining

Mimbres River, NM Ash flows from recent wildfires in the Mimbres watershed; competition with exotic fishes; yellow grub infestation; channelization Purchase of properties to provide habitat for the species in New Mexico; augmentation of hatchery populations Federal: Listed as Threatened, Recovery Plan 1986 approved, Conservation Agreement exists; NM: Endangered, Provides full protection, Non-game species; Heritage NM: Critically imperiled in NM

Federal Register 48: 46053-46057; 19 NMAC 33.1; Propst, D.L. 1999. Threatened and endangered fishes of New Mexico. Tech. Rpt. No. 1. New Mexico Department of Game and Fish, Santa Fe, NM. 84 pp.; New Mexico Department of Game and Fish Web Site Biota Information System Of New Mexico: http://www.cmiweb.org/states/nmex_main/fish.htm Family Cyprinidae

Pecos bluntnose shiner Notropis simus pecosensis Declining

Pecos River, NM Dam and reservoir construction, decline in water flow and quality, and limited habitat availability; frequent stream channel intermittence Multi-agency research programs designed to identify and conserve Pecos bluntnose shiner habitat and populations while satisfying water delivery requirements Federal: Listed as Threatened, Critical Habitat designated; NM: Threatened, Provides limited protection, Non-game species; Heritage NM: Imperiled in NM; TX: Endangered; Mexico: Endangered

Propst, D.L. 1999. Threatened and endangered fishes of New Mexico. Tech. Rpt. No. 1. New Mexico Department of Game and Fish, Santa Fe, NM. 84 pp.; New Mexico Department of Game and Fish Web Site Biota Information System Of New Mexico: http://www.cmiweb.org/states/nmex_main/fish.htm

Family Catostomidae

Gray redhorse Moxostoma congestum Declining

Pecos River, NM Dam and reservoir construction, decline in water flow and quality, and limited habitat availability; intermittence Periodic population surveys; ongoing research to identify habitat needs and movement patterns AFS: Species of Concern; NM: Threatened, Provides limited protection, Non-game species; Heritage NM: Critically imperiled in New Mexico

New Mexico Department of Game and Fish Web Site Biota Information System Of New Mexico: http://www.cmiweb.org/states/nmex_main/fish.htm Family Characidae

Mexican tetra Astyanax mexicanus Declining

Pecos River, NM Dam and reservoir construction, decline in water flow and quality, and limited habitat availability; intermittence Population observations with Pecos bluntnose shiner and Pecos pupfish monitoring activities USFS: Sensitive (NM/AZ); NM: Threatened, Provides limited protection, Non-game species; Heritage NM: Imperiled in NM; Mexico: Threatened species

New Mexico Department of Game and Fish Web Site Biota Information System Of New Mexico: http://www.cmiweb.org/states/nmex_main/fish.htm Family Cyprinodontidae

Pecos pupfish Cyprinodon pecosensis Declining

Pecos River, NM Decline in flow from groundwater pumping; introduction of exotic spring forms Habitat and population monitoring at Bitter Lake NWR and Bottomless Lakes State Park; genetics monitoring for sheepshead minnow hybrids by A.A. Echelle at Oklahoma State University Federal: Conservation Agreement exists, Proposed for Listing as Endangered; AFS: Species of Concern; NM: Threatened, Provides limited protection, Non-game species; Heritage NM: Critically imperiled in NM; TX: Threatened species

New Mexico Department of Game and Fish Web Site Biota Information System Of New Mexico: http://www.cmiweb.org/states/nmex_main/fish.htm Family Percidae

greenthroat darter Etheostoma lepidum Declining

Pecos River drainage of Chaves and Eddy counties, NM Decline in flow from groundwater pumping; introduction of exotic spring forms Population observations with Pecos pupfish monitoring activities NM: Threatened, Provides full protection, Non-game species; Heritage NM: Imperiled in NM

New Mexico Department of Game and Fish Web Site Biota Information System Of New Mexico: http://www.cmiweb.org/states/nmex_main/fish.htm

Family Percidae

bigscale logperch Percina macrolepida Unknown

Pecos River drainage, NM Dam and reservoir construction, decline in water flow and quality, and limited habitat availability None NM: Threatened, Provides full protection, Non-game species

New Mexico Department of Game and Fish Web Site Biota Information System Of New Mexico: http://www.cmiweb.org/states/nmex_main/fish.htm Family Cyprinodontidae

White Sands pupfish Cyprinodon tularosa Declining

Tularosa Basin, NM Aquatic nuisance species; damage to watershed by over-grazing of feral horses Genetics research by University of New Mexico Federal: Species of Concern; NM: Threatened, Provides limited protection, Endemic to NM, Non-game species; AFS: Species of Concern; Heritage NM: Critically Imperiled in NM

New Mexico Department of Game and Fish Web Site Biota Information System Of New Mexico: http://www.cmiweb.org/states/nmex_main/fish.htm Species of Concern Family Cyprinidae

Rio Grande shiner Notropis jemezanus Declining

Pecos River drainage, NM Dam and reservoir construction, decline in water flow and quality, and limited habitat availability; frequent stream channel intermittence Population observations with Pecos bluntnose shiner monitoring activities Federal: Species of Concern; BLM: Sensitive (NM State Office); NM: Provides limited protection, Sensitive taxa, Non-game species; Heritage NM: NM imperiled

New Mexico Department of Game and Fish Web Site Biota Information System Of New Mexico: http://www.cmiweb.org/states/nmex_main/fish.htm Family Cyprinidae

flathead chub Platygobio gracilis Stable

Rio Grande and Pecos River drainages, NM Dam and reservoir construction, decline in water flow and quality, and limited habitat availability Population observations with Rio Grande silvery minnow monitoring activities Federal: Species of Concern; BLM: sensitive (NM State Office); NM Provides limited protection, Non-game species; Heritage NM: Apparently Secure in NM; OK: Special concern species; USFS: Sensitive (CO)

New Mexico Department of Game and Fish Web Site Biota Information System Of New Mexico: http://www.cmiweb.org/states/nmex_main/fish.htm

Family Catostomidae

blue sucker Cycleptus elongatus Stable

Lower Pecos River (below Brantley Reservoir), NM Water diversion, exotic competitors, and reservoir construction Pecos River flow maintenance between Brantley and Avalon Reservoirs; regular population monitoring; annual salvage of fish trapped in Carlsbad Irrigation District canals; ongoing research to identify habitat needs and movement patterns Federal: Species of Concern; BLM: Sensitive (NM State Office); NM: Sensitive taxa, Provides full protection, Non-game species; Heritage NM: Critically Imperiled in NM; OK: Special concern species; TX: Threatened species

New Mexico Department of Game and Fish Web Site Biota Information System Of New Mexico: http://www.cmiweb.org/states/nmex_main/fish.htm Other Native Species of Interest

Family Ictaluridae

headwater catfish Ictalurus lupus Declining

Pecos River drainage, downstream of Sumner Reservoir, NM Decline of water flow; hybridization with Ictalurus punctatus None Federal: Species of Concern; USFS: Sensitive (NM/AZ); BLM: Sensitive (NM State Office); NM: Provides full protection, Sensitive taxa, Harvested Fish; Heritage NM: Critically Imperiled in NM

New Mexico Department of Game and Fish Web Site Biota Information System Of New Mexico: http://www.cmiweb.org/states/nmex_main/fish.htm Family Lepisosteidae

longnose gar Lepisosteus osseus Declining

Pecos River drainage downstream of New Mexico Hwy 70, NM Dam and reservoir construction, decline in water flow and quality, and limited habitat availability; intermittence None NM: Provides limited protection, Non-game species; Heritage NM: Imperiled in NM; NM pueblos: Cultural importance

New Mexico Department of Game and Fish Web Site Biota Information System Of New Mexico: http://www.cmiweb.org/states/nmex_main/fish.htm

Family Cyprinidae

speckled chub Macrhybopsis aestivalis Stable

Rio Grande downstream of San Ildefonso; Pecos River downstream of Anton Chico, NM Dam and reservoir construction, decline in water flow and quality, and limited habitat availability; intermittence Population observations with Pecos bluntnose shiner monitoring activities NM: provides limited protection; NM non-game species; USFS: Sensitive taxa (CO)

New Mexico Department of Game and Fish Web Site Biota Information System Of New Mexico: http://www.cmiweb.org/states/nmex_main/fish.htm Family Cyprinidae

Rio Grande chub Gila pandora Stable

Rio Grande and Pecos River drainages, NM Dam and reservoir construction, decline in water flow and quality, and limited habitat availability Population observations with Pecos bluntnose shiner monitoring activities NM: Provides limited protection; NM: Sensitive taxa; Heritage NM: Rare/ Uncommon in NM; TX: Threatened; CO: Special concern species

New Mexico Department of Game and Fish Web Site Biota Information System Of New Mexico: http://www.cmiweb.org/states/nmex_main/fish.htm Family Cyprinidae

longnose dace Rhinichthys cataractae Stable

Middle/upper elevations of the Rio Grande and Pecos River drainages, NM Dam and reservoir construction, decline in water flow and quality, and limited habitat availability Population observations with Rio Grande silvery minnow and Pecos bluntnose shiner monitoring activities NM: Provides limited protection, Non-game species; Heritage NM: Apparently Secure in NM

New Mexico Department of Game and Fish Web Site Biota Information System Of New Mexico: http://www.cmiweb.org/states/nmex_main/fish.htm Family Catostomidae

river carpsucker Carpiodes carpio Stable

Lower/ middle elevations of the Rio Grande and Pecos River drainages, NM Dam and reservoir construction, decline in water flow and quality, and limited habitat availability Population observations with Rio Grande silvery minnow and Pecos bluntnose shiner monitoring activities NM: Provides limited protection, Non-game species; Heritage NM: Apparently Secure in NM

New Mexico Department of Game and Fish Web Site Biota Information System Of New Mexico: http://www.cmiweb.org/states/nmex_main/fish.htm

Family Catostomidae

smallmouth buffalo Ictiobus bubalus Stable

Rio Grande (Sierra and Dona Ana Counties), Pecos River in and downstream of Sumner Reservoir, NM Dam and reservoir construction, decline in water flow and quality, and limited habitat availability Population observations with Rio Grande silvery minnow monitoring activities NM: provides limited protection, Non-game species; Heritage NM: Rare/ Uncommon in NM; Heritage AZ: Very rare in AZ

New Mexico Department of Game and Fish Web Site Biota Information System Of New Mexico: http://www.cmiweb.org/states/nmex_main/fish.htm Family Ictaluridae

blue catfish Ictalurus furcatus Declining

Rio Grande downstream of Bernalillo City, Pecos River downstream of Puerto de Luna, NM Commercial over-harvesting Population observations with Rio Grande silvery minnow monitoring activities NM: Provides full protection, Harvested fish; Heritage AZ: Very rare in AZ

New Mexico Department of Game and Fish Web Site Biota Information System Of New Mexico: http://www.cmiweb.org/states/nmex_main/fish.htm Family Ictaluridae

flathead catfish Pylodictis olivaris Declining

Rio Grande and Pecos River drainages, NM River channel intermittence and dewatering Population observations with Rio Grande silvery minnow monitoring activities NM: Provides full protection, Harvested Fish; Heritage NM: Imperiled in NM; Heritage AZ: Apparently secure in AZ

New Mexico Department of Game and Fish Web Site Biota Information System Of New Mexico: http://www.cmiweb.org/states/nmex_main/fish.htm

Familiy Salmonidae

Rio Grande cutthroat trout Oncorhynchus clarkii virginalis Declining

Upper/Middle Rio Grande drainage, NM

Non-native introductions; decline in water flow, quality, and habitat availability; grazing Reintroduction program established in New Mexico and Colorado Federal: Listing denied; USFS: Sensitive (NM/AZ/CO); NM: Provides full protection; NM Sensitive taxa, Harvested Fish; CO: Special concern species

Federal Register 67 FR 39936-39947; New Mexico Department of Game and Fish Web Site Biota Information System Of New Mexico: http://www.cmiweb.org/states/nmex_main/fish.htm Family Cyprinidae

central stoneroller Campostoma anomalum Stable

Pecos River drainage, NM Dam and reservoir construction, decline in water flow and quality, and limited habitat availability Population observations with Pecos bluntnose shiner monitoring activities NM: Provides limited protection, Non-game species; Heritage NM: Apparently Secure in NM

New Mexico Department of Game and Fish Web Site Biota Information System Of New Mexico: http://www.cmiweb.org/states/nmex_main/fish.htm Family Cyprinidae

roundnose minnow Dionda episcopa Stable

Middle and lower elevations of the Pecos Valley, NM Dam and reservoir construction, decline in water flow and quality, and limited habitat availability Federal Reserve water right for Bitter Creek, Bitter Lake NWR; population observations with Pecos bluntnose shiner and Pecos pupfish monitoring activities NM: Delisted, Provides limited protection, Non-game Species; Heritage NM: Rare/Uncommon in NM; Mexico: Endangered

New Mexico Department of Game and Fish Web Site Biota Information System Of New Mexico: http://www.cmiweb.org/states/nmex_main/fish.htm Family Cyprinidae

sand shiner Notropis stramineus Stable

Pecos River drainage, NM Dam and reservoir construction, decline in water flow and quality, and limited habitat availability; intermittence Population surveys with Pecos bluntnose shiner monitoring activities NM: Provides limited protection, Non-game Species; Heritage NM: Apparently Secure in NM

New Mexico Department of Game and Fish Web Site Biota Information System Of New Mexico: http://www.cmiweb.org/states/nmex_main/fish.htm Family Cyprinidae

creek chub Semotilus atromaculatus Stable

Middle elevations of the Pecos River drainage, NM Dam and reservoir construction, decline in water flow and quality, and limited habitat availability None NM: Provides limited protection, Non-game species; Heritage NM: Rare/ Uncommon in NM

New Mexico Department of Game and Fish Web Site Biota Information System Of New Mexico: http://www.cmiweb.org/states/nmex_main/fish.htm

Species Status Tracking Table - Area: Texas; Year 2002; Area C oordinators – G.P. Garrett, R .J. Edwards, N.L. Allan and C. Hubbs Species Status Specific threats Conservation activities Other? Extinct Amistad gambusia Gambusia amistadensis Extinct Reservoir construction, elimination of spring habitat Refugium population failed-late 1970s Citation: Hubbs, C. and B. L. Jensen. 1984. Copeia 1984:529. Maravillas red shiner Cyprinella lutrensis blairi Extinct Decline of water flow — Citation: Miller, R. R., J. D. Williams, and J. E. Williams. 1989. Fisheries 14(6):22. phantom shiner Notropis orca Extinct Reservoir construction, decline of water flow and water quality — Citation: Miller, R. R., J. D. Williams, and J. E. Williams. 1989. Fisheries 14(6):22. bluntnose shiner Notropis simus simus Extinct Reservoir construction, decline of water flow and water quality — Citation: Miller, R. R., J. D. Williams, and J. E. Williams. 1989. Fisheries 14(6):22. Extirpated Rio Grande silvery minnow Hybognathus amarus Declining Reservoir construction, water diversions, decline of water flow, extirpated in Texas Augmentation program established in New Mexico, monitoring program ongoing Federally listed as Endangered (Federal Register 59 FR 36988-36995) and Critical Habitat proposed (Federal Register 67 FR 39205-39235), Recovery Plan 1999, State Endangered Texas Rio Grande cutthroat trout Oncorhynchus clarkii Declining Decline of water flow, exotic introductions, extirpated in Texas Reintroduction program established in New Mexico and Colorado, monitoring program ongoing for native and translocated populations, New Mexico official state fish Federal listing denied (Federal Register 67 FR 39936-39947), State Protected Sensitive Taxa New Mexico, Special Concern Species Colorado blotched gambusia Gambusia senilis Stable Reservoir construction, exotic competitors, extirpated in Texas Rio Conchos populations surveyed 1994-1995 Former C2 candidate species, declining (Federal Register 59 FR 58982-59028), State Threatened species Texas

Endangered Leon Springs pupfish Cyprinodon bovinus Declining Decline of water flow, oil pollution, hybridization with exotic competitor Stream renovation and restocking to remove hybrids, 1998-1999, ongoing surveys Federally listed as Endangered and Critical Habitat designated (Federal Register 45 FR 54678-54681), Recovery Plan 1985, revision under development, State Endangered Texas Comanche Springs pupfish Cyprinodon elegans Stable (reduced) Decline of water flow, water diversions, hybridization, channelization Refugium constructed in 1994, ongoing surveys Federally listed as Endangered (Federal Register 32 FR 4001), Recovery Plan 1981, revision under development, State Endangered Texas Pecos pupfish Cyprinodon pecosensis Declining Decline of water flow, water diversions, hybridization with introduced C. variegatus, channelization Populations in Texas surveyed, genetic analyses conducted, refugia in Texas established Federal listing as Endangered proposal withdrawn (Federal Register 65 FR 14513- 14518), Conservation Agreement established in 1999 between USFWS, BLM, Texas and New Mexico, State Threatened Texas Big Bend gambusia Gambusia gaigei Declining Lowering of water table, exotic competitors Habitat renovation initiated, ongoing surveys Federally listed as Endangered (Federal Register 32 FR 4001), Recovery Plan 1984, State Endangered Texas Clear Creek gambusia Gambusia heterochir Stable (reduced) Hybridization with G. affinis Ongoing surveys Federally listed as Endangered (Federal Register 32 FR 4001), Recovery Plan 1980, State Endangered Texas Pecos gambusia Gambusia nobilis Declining Water diversion, exotic competitors Refugium constructed in 1994, ongoing surveys Federally listed as Endangered (Federal Register 35 FR 16047-16048), Recovery Plan 1981 Threatened Mexican stoneroller Campostoma ornatum Declining Water diversion, exotic competitors Rio Conchos populations surveyed 1994-1995 Former C2 candidate species, declining (Federal Register 59 FR 58982-59028), State Threatened Texas

proserpine shiner Cyprinella proserpina Declining Reservoir construction, decline of water flow, exotic predators Ongoing surveys Former C2 candidate species, populations status unknown (Federal Register 59 FR 58982-59028), State Threatened Texas Devils River minnow Dionda diaboli Declining Reservoir construction, decline of water flow, exotic predators Ongoing surveys, experimental ecological studies in artificial streams Federally listed as Threatened (Federal Register 64 FR 56596-56609), Conservation Agreement with USFWS, TPWD and stakeholders established 1999, Draft Recovery Plan under development 2002, State Threatened Texas Rio Grande chub Gila pandora Declining Limited range, decline of water flow Part of native range secured by Texas Nature Conservancy acquisition State Threatened Texas, State Special Concern Species Colorado, State Sensitive Taxa New Mexico Chihuahua shiner Notropis chihuahua Declining Decline of water flow, reservoir construction, exotic competitors and predators Rio Grande and Rio Conchos populations surveyed 1994-1995 Former C2 candidate species, declining (Federal Register 59 FR 58982-59028), State Threatened Texas Rio Grande shiner Notropis jemezanus Declining Decline of water flow, reservoir construction, exotic competitors and predators Rio Grande and Rio Conchos populations surveyed 1994-1995 Former C2 candidate species, declining (Federal Register 59 FR 58982-59028), State Threatened Texas, State Sensitive Taxa New Mexico, BLM Sensitive Species Conchos pupfish Cyprinodon eximius Declining Decline of water flow, reservoir construction, exotic competitors and predators Rio Conchos populations surveyed 1994-1995, Devils River population surveyed 2002 Former C2 candidate species, declining (Federal Register 59 FR 58982-59028), State Threatened Texas Rio Grande darter Etheostoma grahami Declining Water diversion, exotic competitors, reservoir construction Rio Conchos populations surveyed 1994-1995, Devils River population surveyed 2000 and 2002 Former C2 candidate species, declining (Federal Register 59 FR 58982-59028), State Threatened Texas Status of Concern shovelnose sturgeon Scaphirhynchus platorynchus Declining Water diversion, reservoir construction Not found during Rio Grande survey 1994-1995 State Threatened Texas, Special Concern Species Oklahoma

blue sucker Cycleptus elongatus Stable Water diversion, exotic competitors, reservoir construction Rio Grande populations survey 1994-1995 Former C2 candidate species, populations status unknown (Federal Register 59 FR 58982-59028), State Threatened Texas, BLM Sensitive Species, State Endangered New Mexico, State Special Concern Species Oklahoma headwater catfish Ictalurus lupus Unknown, declining Decline of water flow, hybridization with I. punctatus Rio Conchos populations surveyed 1994-1995, Devils River population surveyed 2000, 2001 and 2002 Former C2 candidate species, populations status unknown (Federal Register 59 FR 58982-59028) Chihuahua catfish Ictalurus sp. Unknown, declining Decline of water flow — Former C2 candidate species, declining (Federal Register 59 FR 58982-59028), State Sensitive Taxa New Mexico