Inferred connectivity among Ash Meadows pupfish (Cyprinodon nevadensis mionectes): Populations based on mtDNA and microsatellites

Authors: Andrew P. Martin

Year: 2009 (xli)

Abstract

The Ash Meadows pupfish (Cyprinodon nevadensis mionectes) is distributed across a number of springs and their outflow channels throughout the Ash Meadows wildlife refuge. Historically, all of the spring systems were probably connected, allowing gene flow among all spring pools and throughout the outflow channels. However, most of the springs and their outflows have been modified in some way over the last one or two centuries. Modifications that have influenced hydrological connectivity include roads, channelization of outflows, impoundments, and flumes at the spring sources. Here I use two different molecular markers with different temporal resolution of long and short term processes to infer the effects of modifications of hydrological flow on the distribution of variation. Notable results include evidence that 1) flumes isolate springs pools and may accelerate genetic drift and the development of inbreeding, 2) impoundments may account for much of the differentiation between the Northern and Southern springs. One implication of the results is that if flumes are maintained at the spring pools, it may be necessary to facilitate upstream movement of fish to maintain the integrity and vitality of spring pool populations.