Mining Hidden Waters: Groundwater Depletion, Aquatic Habitat Degradation and Loss of Fish Diversity in the Chihuahuan Desert Ecoregion of Texas

Authors: Gary Garrett, Megan Bean, Robert Edwards, Dean Hendrickson

Year: 2018

Abstract

Desert ecosystems are particularly susceptible to anthropogenic influences. This is especially true where limited water resources can be impaired by excessive water mining and concomitant depletion of aquifers. Herein, the decline of aquatic habitats throughout the Chihuahuan Desert of Texas is discussed and observations on relationships among declining aquifer levels, aquatic habitat degradation, and status of native fishes are presented. Examples from the Big Bend reach of the Rio Grande, Balmorhea Springs Complex, Pecos River, and Devils River reveal a decline in distribution and abundance of native fishes. Ongoing and impending land-use practices and increased demands on groundwater and surface water resources point to future reductions. However, activities are underway that represent a source of optimism for conservation of aquatic habitats and native fishes in the region. Native Fish Conservation Areas are being established to enhance management of desert ecosystems to restore and maintain functional watersheds, conserve aquatic habitats, and support populations of native fishes. Increased landowner awareness of the value of cooperative conservation of aquatic resources and their inclusion in management decisions are critically important, particularly in Texas where the majority of land is privately owned. Ultimately, archaic Texas water laws need revision and reformulation if desert aquatic systems are to be restored and preserved.